izindaba

Indima yeinetha lezinambuzane:
I-Citrus yisihlahla sezithelo esihlala siluhlaza esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamanethi avikela izinambuzane kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, okuzuzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo zemvelo futhi kungenye yobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezolimo engangcoliswa.Isembozo samanetha esivikela izinambuzane singasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isithwathwa, imvula, ukuwa kwezithelo, izinambuzane nezinyoni, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungaqinisekisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo futhi kwandise izinzuzo zomnotho.Ngenxa yalokho, ukumbozwa kwenethi lokuvikela izinambuzane kungase kube imodeli entsha yokutshalwa kwendawo yezihlahla zezithelo.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokumboza amanetha ezinambuzane
1. Vimbela izinto eziphilayo zangaphandle
Ngokobukhulu bembobo yayo, inetha elivikela izinambuzane ukuze livimbe izinto eziphila kwamanye amazwe lingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeni izinambuzane, izinyoni namagundane alimaza izitshalo.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yoshintsho lwezinhlelo zokutshala nokulima, ukuvuselelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izinhlobo, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokulimala kwezinambuzane ezisawolintshi nakho kushintshile ngokufanele.Namanje izinambuzane, izinambuzane zesikali, izimpukane, ama-aphid kanye nabavukuzi bamaqabunga.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umonakalo odalwe yi-canker ezindaweni zokukhiqiza eziseningizimu uye wanda kancane kancane.
Ubuchwepheshe bokumboza inetha elivikela izinambuzane kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqalisa ukuzalaniswa kwezithombo zamawolintshi nezinye izihlahla zezithelo ngaphandle kwegciwane.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukwenzeka kanye nokusabalala kwezinambuzane ezithwalwa yigciwane njenge-citrus aphid kanye ne-citrus psyllids, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuphephile kwezithombo ezingenamagciwane zezihlahla zezithelo.Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi inani lama-psyllids, izicabucabu ezibomvu kanye nabavukuzi bamaqabunga ekamelweni lenetha lincane kakhulu kunalelo elingaphandle ngaphansi kwesimo se-40 mesh inetha lokulawula izinambuzane, okubonisa ukuthi inetha lezinambuzane lingasetshenziswa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa. inani lezinambuzane ezisawolintshi.
Umphumela wokuvimbela izifo wenetha lokulawula izinambuzane ubonakala ikakhulukazi ekuhlukaniseni izindlela zokudluliselwa kwegciwane, ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane ezinobuthi, ukuze kuvinjwe ngempumelelo futhi kuncishiswe ukubukeka nokulimala kwezinambuzane ezindala.Ngokwezinga elithile, kungavimbela ukwenzeka kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta (njenge-anthracnose).I-Canker isifo esithathelwanayo esilandela i-Huanglongbing ekutshaleni amawolintshi.Imizila yayo yokutheleleka ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi umoya, imvula, ukudluliswa kwabantu kanye nezinambuzane.Njengesikhala esizimele, amanetha ezinambuzane awagcini nje ukunciphisa ngempumelelo okwenziwa Imvamisa yokudlulisela, futhi ngenxa yokuthi umzila oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kokuhlasela kwezinambuzane ezindala zezinambuzane ezidlulisa igciwane uhlukanisiwe, ukudluliswa kwama-canker pathogens kuncipha kakhulu.Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa phakathi kwenethi nendawo evulekile kubonise ukuthi isifo somdlavuza sihluke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-80 phakathi kwezithelo ezisawolintshi ezitshalwe enethini lokulawula izinambuzane kanye nendawo yokulawula evulekile ngaphandle kwenethi yokulawula izinambuzane.
2. Thuthukisa izinga lokushisa nokukhanya kunethiwekhi
Ukumboza inetha elivikela izinambuzane kunganciphisa amandla okukhanya, kulungise izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nomswakama, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunganciphisa imvula egumbini lenetha, kunciphise ukuhwamuka kwamanzi egumbini elinetha, futhi kunciphise ukushuba kwezulu ekamelweni lenetha, kunciphise ukuhwamuka kwamanzi egumbini elinetha. ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga e-citrus.I-Citrus isitshalo somndeni wakwaRutaceae.Ithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama futhi inokumelana namakhaza okuqinile.Isihlahla sezithelo esihlala siluhlaza esishisayo nesishisayo.Ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwayo, ukuqhakaza kanye nokuthela kuhlobene eduze nezimo zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ukukhanya kwelanga, umswakama, inhlabathi, umoya, ukuphakama kanye nendawo.ezihlobene.I-Citrus isitshalo esine-semi-negative futhi inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokujwayela ukukhanya kwelanga.Amandla okukhanya yi-10,000-40,000 lx, futhi amahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka cishe amahora angu-1,000-2,700, angahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwe-citrus.

Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kunenzuzo ukuthuthukisa i-photosynthesis, kodwa ukukhanya okuqondile okuqinile ngokuvamile akusizi ukukhula kwe-citrus, futhi kulula ukubangela ukusha kwezithelo namagatsha namaqabunga.Ngemva kokumboza inetha elivikela izinambuzane, izinga lokushisa lomoya wasendlini wenetha ngaphansi kohlobo ngalunye lwesimo sezulu laliphakeme kunalelo lokulawula phakathi nenkathi erekhodiwe.Nakuba amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu futhi aphansi kakhulu endaweni enetha ayephakeme kunalawo okulawula, ukwanda kwakungabonakali, okubonisa ukuthi umphumela wokumboza amanetha ezinambuzane wawumncane.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, mayelana nomswakama, ngemva kokumboza inetha lokuvikela izinambuzane, umswakama ohlobene nomoya wasendlini enetheni uphakeme kunalowo wokulawula, phakathi kwawo umswakama uphakeme kakhulu ezinsukwini zemvula, kodwa umehluko incane futhi ukwanda kuncane kakhulu.Ngemuva kokuthi umswakama ohlobene ekamelweni lenetha unyukile, ukuthuthumela kwamaqabunga e-citrus kungancishiswa.Amanzi athinta ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yezithelo ngenxa yemvula kanye nomswakama womoya ohlobene.Lapho izici zemvelo zivuna ukukhula nokukhula kwesithelo, ikhwalithi yezithelo iba yinhle.
3. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-Huanglongbing
Njengamanje, i-Huanglongbing isiphenduke isifo esiyingozi esithinta ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlelwa kwemboni ye-citrus yomhlaba wonke.ENingizimu China, ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe impumelelo entsha ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ubuchwepheshe be-Huanglongbing, ukulawulwa kwama-psyllids kwase kube yisici esibalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwe-Huanglongbing ngenxa yentuthuko yesifunda yezomnotho nezenhlalo, imodi yokuphatha insimu yezithelo, kanye nesakhiwo kanye izinga labasebenzi basezindaweni zasemakhaya.Ama-Psyllids ukuphela kwe-vector yokudlulisela yemvelo ye-Huanglongbing, ngakho ukuvimbela nokulawula ama-psyllids kubaluleke kakhulu.I-Citrus psyllid inokudluliselwa kwezifo okuphezulu (izinga lokudluliselwa kwesifo se-psyllid eyodwa lingama-70% kuya ku-80%), ikhono lokufuduka kanye nokuzala ngokushesha, futhi selithuthuke ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene… ingenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela nokulawula i-Huanglongbing.
4. Ukuvimbela ukuwa kwezithelo
Ehlobo laseNingizimu China, kunezinhlekelele eziningi zezulu ezifana neziphepho zemvula nezishingishane.Uma inetha elivikela izinambuzane lisetshenziselwa ukumboza, linganciphisa ukwehla kwezithelo okubangelwa isiphepho, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuwa kwezithelo.Umphumela wokuvimbela ukwehla kwezithelo usobala kakhulu.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuka-Fan Shulei nabanye ibonise ukuthi ukwelashwa kokumboza amanetha ezinambuzane kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lezithelo ezithengiswayo futhi kwehlise kakhulu izinga lezithelo.
5, imakethe esezingeni eliphakeme, ukulondolozwa kwamawolintshi
Enetheni lokulawula izinambuzane, intwasahlobo ikhula kusenesikhathi, i-navel orange phenotype inezinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 ngaphambili, futhi isithelo esisha siyizinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10 ngaphambili, futhi inkathi ephezulu iyanyakaziswa, engakhuphula imali engenayo yabalimi bezithelo futhi dala inani eliphezulu.Ukwemboza inetha ngolunye ungqimba lwefilimu kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa eshede ngo-2 kuya ku-3 °C, kunwebe isikhathi sokunikezwa kwezithelo ezintsha, kubone ukufakwa kuhlu kwemakethe okuntengantengayo, futhi kugweme ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile ngenxa yezikhathi eziphezulu.
6, indawo yokukhosela, umoya ongangeni
Inetha elivikela izinambuzane linemeshi encane namandla amakhulu emishini, ngakho linomphumela omuhle wokuvimbela ukuguguleka komoya nesiphepho.Ekukhiqizeni, ngenxa yomoya omningi, izinto zohlaka kanye nezihlahla zezithelo zivame ukukhukhulwa.Ukumboza ngamanethi ezinambuzane angama-25 kunganciphisa isivinini somoya ngo-15% kuya ku-20%, futhi ukusebenzisa i-30 mesh kunganciphisa isivinini somoya ngo-20% kuya ku-25%.Isichotho nemvula ehlobo kudala umonakalo owenziwe ezihlahleni zezithelo.Ukumboza ngenethi elivikela izinambuzane kunganqanda isichotho ukuthi singabambi izihlahla zezithelo futhi kunciphise amandla esiphepho esinamandla.Ngemuva kwesiphepho, isimo sezulu siphinde libalele futhi, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, futhi umswakama wezitshalo awulingani kahle, okuvame ukubangela izimpande ezibolile.Ukufakwa kwenetha lokuvikela izinambuzane kungagwema izinguquko ezisheshayo emazingeni okushisa e-microclimate eshede futhi kunciphise ukulimala okungaqondile kwesiphepho sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu esinelanga.